<span>The best response is that it reduces the effects of fragility and skin atrophy.</span>
In parthenogenetic reproduction, the egg cell develops into a new or ganism without fertilization. It is clear that the most essential feature of parthenogenesis, absence of fertilization, causes important alterations of basic nature in cytological, as well as in genetic, respects.
A phylogeny is an evolutionary ”tree” of related
organisms that can be constructed by using
information obtained from the genetic material.
Genetic information is contained in all living cells,
in the form of long DNA molecules that take the
shape of connected double- stranded spirals
(DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA
spirals, or “helixes”, are tightly compressed in the
nucleus of every cell. Their information is
organized into a code made up of four small
molecules — the building blocks of DNA. The
molecules, called nucleotides, are labelled:
A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine) and T
(thymine).
It is possible to draw conclusions about the
evolution of a group of plant or animal species,
and the relationships among them, by comparing
selected pieces of DNA.
We now know that they have unique physical, chemical, and genetic traits that set them apart from plants and other eukaryotes. For example, the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin, not cellulose. Also, fungi absorb nutrients from other organisms, whereas plants make their own food.
<span> DNA sickle hemoglobin is a result of a point mutaion in one base rna changes from gag to gug protein amino acid level changes amino acid from glu to val. </span>
