guanine binds with cytosine (C)
uracil binds with adenine (A)
cytosine binds with guanine (G)
so the anticodon in CAG
Moderate amounts of alcohol improve the body’s utilization of insulin and blood glucose. is true
- Frequent heavy drinkers can deplete their energy reserves in a matter of hours.
- Overindulging in alcohol over time can lessen insulin's overall efficiency.
- As a result, blood sugar levels are elevated. However, many persons with alcoholic liver disease also have diabetes or glucose intolerance.
- A lower risk of type 2 diabetes is associated with moderate alcohol usage, as opposed to abstinence and heavy drinking.
- Despite the fact that both males and women's risks are decreased with moderate alcohol use, the associations between the two may be different.
- Alcohol intake and type 2 diabetes may be linked, and this connection may be explained by adiponectin's actions, enhanced insulin sensitivity, or anti-inflammatory properties.
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Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
