First of all, Britain was the first to industrialize. Let that be known. But other than that, they industrialized because after the discovery of raw cotton in India, their output of cotton clothing did not match what the market wanted. So there was a race to see who could basically make cotton the fastest. Other than this, science of the enlightenment improved other aspects of city life and attracted more rural subjects to the cities.
Land surrounding the Panama Canal is very fertile. The warm tropical weather is good for growing things. The original river and later the building of canal made trading very convenient. So there are a lot of industries developed in that region.
It should be noted that the prevailing theoretical framework regarding workers during the period that was illustrated is scientific management.
Scientific management simply means the theory of management that analyzes workflows. The main objective of the scientific management is to improve economic efficiency.
The scientific management was the prevailing theoretical framework regarding workers in the workplace in the very early 20th century which was more or less ended by the results of the Hawthorne Studies. The theory was developed in the 1880s.
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