The three primary elements are INSTRUMENTALITY, VALENCE AND EXPECTANCY.
The expectancy theory of motivation states that, an individual is will behave in a certain manner as a result of the way in which he has been conditioned to select a specific behavior over other forms of behavior. This implies that workers are usually motivated by the reward they get for the work they performed.<span />
Answer:
a.$0
Explanation:
Adjusted basis is the cost of a property and other related costs incurred in acquiring, maintaining, or upgrading the property.
Fair value represent the worth of a property. It is the amount that one should expect to fetch from the market if they were to sell the property.
The fair value or the worth for Mateo's rental house is $200,000. He obtains another rental house with a fair value of $180,000 and cash $20,000.
He exchanged property worth $200,000 for $200,000
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<u>Dispositional optimism</u> is an enduring tendency to have global expectations of positive outcomes.
What is dispositional optimism?
Dispositional optimism is the generalized, relatively stable tendency to expect good outcomes across important life domains.
What distinguishes dispositional optimism from general optimism?
Positivity of disposition appears to have a direct impact on how the body works. The various sorts of optimism appear to exert their impacts through behaviours that result from information appraisal, goal framing, and meaning that are skewed by optimism.
Learn more about the dispositional optimism with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/14183116
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Answer: 1. B. The Fed did not want to be viewed as rewarding the poor business decisions of the bank's managers.
2. D. The Fed feared that assisting Lehman Brothers would increase the extent of moral hazard in the financial system.
3. B. The Fed intervened aggressively following the 2008 failure but remained largely inactive for several years following the 1930 failure.
Explanation:
1. In 1930 when the Great Depression was at it's early stages, the Central Bank could have done some things that would have reduced it's impact on the world but they remained passive and did little. One of the reasons was that there was a lack of cohesion between the Fed Districts and some of the directors subscribed to the "liquidationist" which meant that companies that engaged in adverse financial decisions be allowed to fail to as to prune the financial system and make it better. This contributed to the failure to help the Bank of the United States.
2. The Fed did not want to be seen as aiding Moral Hazard when they refused to bail out the Lehman Brothers in 2008. The Lehman Brothers had engaged in very risky transactions that brought it to ruin in 2008 and the Central Bank did not want to encourage the precedent of saving Banks that did so. Moral Hazard is when a risky action is engaged in by a company or person because they will not pay for the risk if things go awry. For example, a person with car insurance might drive more recklessly because they know that if the car crashes, the insurance will cover it. This is what the Fed did not want to encourage. A situation where Banks would engage in risky actions knowing that the Fed would back them up.
3. In the 1930s during the Great Depression, the Fed did not do enough to stem the depression because there was not coordination amongst the districts. They could not agree on a way forward and so did little. They even admitted their failure when in 2002, a member of the Board of Governors called Ben Bernanke said they could have done more.
In 2008 though, the Fed stepped in to help the economy get back on track. They reduced Interest rates and poured money into the economy through various ventures that helped the American public amongst others. Their actions ensured that the 2008 financial crises did not last as long as the Great Depression.