I found the full exercise on the internet. Attached is an image of the characteristics and the types of muscle fibres.
Fast twitch:
- few mitochondria (most of the energy comes from acid lactic fermentation)
- low myoglobin content (O2 is not used as the main source of energy)
- shorter twitches
- anaerobic (uses mainly glucose and no O2)
- easily fatigued (as soon as glucose storage finishes fatigue comes in)
- high glycogen content (glucose as the main source of energy and therefore more glucose storage in the form of glycogen)
Slow twitch:
- high myoglobin content (energy comes from O2 and therefore is needed much myoglobin)
- aerobic (uses O2)
- low glycogen content (as O2 is the main source of energy, glucose is not needed as much)
-longer twitches
Answer:
e) directional selection
Explanation:
Directional Selection:
- The type of natural selection that favors one of the extremes of the phenotype spectrum, shifting the allele frequency to one direction
- This type of selection selects against intermediate and one of the extreme phenotypes.
- In this particular case, the increasing pollution has pushed the plants to evolve better acid tolerance.
- This indicates that if the environmental conditions worsen, only the acid tolerant plants will be able to survive.
* Another example is illustrated in the image. The graph shows the shifts in allele frequency.
<u>Answer:</u>
<em>In highly diverged lineages, the substitutions process will occur at sites that have been substituted previously</em>.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Molecular clock uses the mutation rate to reduce the time in prehistory when the life forms are diverged. <em>The molecular clock uses the sequence of amino acids and nucleotide sequence for the DNA.</em>
This clock does not measure any time but the number of mutations, and other changes over certain time. <em>Sometimes its useful property might be limited due to the highly diverged lineages.</em>
Cellular respiration involves two phases. Anaerobic respiration does not involve oxygen, while aerobic respiration does.
So, anaerobic respiration includes glycolysis and fermentation takes place in cytoplasm whereas aerobic respiration take place in mitochondria. Cellular respiration is the the bunch of metabolic reaction which occur in the cell of the organism and it is helpful in converting biochemical energy into ATP after that it will release waste product.