Correct answer: Court cases challenged the legality of discrimination.
I'll mention key court cases after debunking the other answers in the list. Truman's desegregation of the armed forces happened already in 1948, and impacted only those in the armed forces, rather than all African Americans. The suburbs were NOT welcoming toward African Americans, and they remained in living mostly in urban centers.
As to key court cases of the 1950s regarding discrimination:
1950: Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. In these cases, the Supreme Court said segregation of African American students in law and graduate schools was unconstitutional. This was the start of challenging "separate-but-equal" policies.
1954: Brown v. Board of Education. Firm decision that "separate but equal" policies were unconstitutional across the education system. Chief Justice Earl Warren, speaking for the unanimous opinion of the Court, said: “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
1955: Brown v. Board II. The Supreme Court directed that school systems must abolish segregation “with all deliberate speed.”
1956: The Supreme Court affirmed a lower court ruling that the segregation of the Montgomery, Alabama, bus system was illegal. This was in reference to the bus boycott that had begun with the protest by Rosa Parks.
1958: Cooper v. Aaron. The Supreme Court upheld the US Court of Appeals (8th Circuit) decision that resistance by local officials and threats of violence in the community did not justify delaying desegregation. This followed in the wake of the Little Rock Nine (a group of black students) seeking enrollment in LIttle Rock Central High School.
If something happened in ancient Egypt it would’ve happened in around 3100 BC to around 332 BC.
Reaching out to Americans who had traditionally not participated in political process.
<span>In South Africa, the British had to contend not only with a native population, but with a significant population of Boers who felt that the land was theirs Competition between white groups over land and over rich mineral resources led to war.</span>
The correct answer is 4. Proposing a hierarchy of human needs on motivating behavior.
Explanation
Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who stood out as one of the founders of the humanistic psychology current, this proposes the existence of an innate human tendency for self-actualization, understood as a process that contributes to mental health. Additionally, Maslow's best-known theoretical development is the pyramid of needs, a model that poses a hierarchy of human needs, in which the satisfaction of the most basic or subordinate needs leads to higher needs. Also, according to Maslow, needs that are not met generate an alteration in behavior, also, in this theory Maslow suggests the only needs that are born with the individual are those of the base, that are the physiological needs. So, the correct answer is 4. Proposing a hierarchy of human needs on motivating behavior.
