Answer:
Near the outer edge of the galaxy!
I believe the biggest space mission of the twenty-first century will be a manned mission to Mars, and the colonization that follows. This is the stated goal of several nations, companies, and individuals, all with considerably deep pockets. This mission will not only be a huge leap forward in space exploration, it will usher in a new era in human history in which the human race is an interplanetary civilization, a natural milestone as humanity continues to progress and advance.
Significant challenges are many and overwhelming. In terms of getting to mars, we need efficient, powerful propulsion systems and a spaceship that can not only accommodate a full crew for a mission that would likely last years, but withstand the various hazards that a long trip through space and entrance into the Martian atmosphere will entail. In terms of colonization, significant challenges will include establishing efficient and frequent travel/transport between the planets, and in the longer term, the necessity to terraform the planet (make it more like Earth) so that humans can more easily live there.
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Acetylcholine is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals as a neurotransmitter.
Answer:
Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after the onset of amnesia, while memories from before the event remain intact. Brain regions related to this condition include the medial temporal lobe, medial diencephalon, and hippocampus. Anterograde amnesia can be caused by the effects of long-term alcoholism, severe malnutrition, stroke, head trauma, surgery, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, cerebrovascular events, anoxia, or other trauma. Retrograde amnesia is the inability to recall memories made before the onset of amnesia. Retrograde amnesia is usually caused by head trauma or brain damage to parts of the brain other than the hippocampus (which is involved with the encoding process of new memories). Brain damage causing retrograde amnesia can be as varied as a cerebrovascular accident, stroke, tumor, hypoxia, encephalitis, or chronic alcoholism. The there is encoding failure. Encoding is the process of converting sensory input into a form able to be processed and stored in the memory. However, this process can be impacted by a number of factors, and how well information is encoded affects how well it is able to be recalled later. On the other hand, retrieval failure is the failure to recall information in the absence of memory cues. Proactive interference occurs when old memories hinder the ability to make new memories. In this type of interference, old information inhibits the ability to remember new information, such as when outdated scientific facts interfere with the ability to remember updated facts. This often occurs when memories are learned in similar contexts, or regarding similar things. It’s when we have preconceived notions about situations and events, and apply them to current situations and events.Retroactive interference occurs when old memories are changed by new ones, sometimes so much that the original memory is forgotten. This is when newly learned information interferes with and impedes the recall of previously learned information. The ability to recall previously learned information is greatly reduced if that information is not utilized, and there is substantial new information being presented. This often occurs when hearing recent news figures, then trying to remember earlier facts and figures.
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