Answer:
b. changes in the same direction and in direct proportion to changes in operation activity.
Explanation:
Variable costs are expenses that vary with changes in production level. A variable cost is attached to the production of a particular product or service. An example of variable cost is the raw material expense. As the production level rises, more raw materials will be needed for production.
The relationship between variable costs and output level is direct and proportional. An increase in output requires more materials and other consumables. As variable costs are associated with the production process, an increase or decrease in production level results in a similar or increase or decrease in variable costs.
Answer:
c. $8.63
Explanation:
Missing word <em>"The forward LIBOR rate is 7%. All rates are compounded semiannually. A. $8.88
, B. $9.12
, C. $8.63
, D. $9.02"</em>
Principal = $1000, FRA Rate = 9 % per annum, LIBOR after 2 years = 7 % per annum, Compounding Frequency: Semi-Annual, Risk-Free Rate = 6 % per annum
The FRA matures 2 years or 24 months from now. Further, the Interest Rate that the FRA hedges will create an interest expense only at the end of the LIBOR loan period which is an additional 6 months after the 24 month period.
Hence, Exchange of Interest Expense at the end of 30 Months = (FRA Rate - LIBOR) x Principal (calculated on a semi-annual basis)
= (0.045 - 0.035) * 1000
= $10
Current Value of FRA = Present Value of Interest Expense at the end of the 30 Months Period
= 10 / [1+(0.06/2)]^(30/6)
= $8.6261
= $8.63
Answer:
Identification of the Internal Control Weaknesses:
A. There is no segregation of duties and there is lack of access control. Jerry Miller as a security guard is not expected to have a master key to the cash box. With this he can pilfer the cash. If he prepares the report that shows the number of cars that parked on the lot, he is not supposed to also prepare the day's cash receipts. Otherwise, he can state any number of cars as parked that he likes, and which corresponds to the cash he might leave in the Cash box since he also has a master key.
B. There is no segregation of duties and there is lack of supervision, proper reconciliations, and assets audit. Sharon Fisher handles purchase transactions from the beginning to the close all alone with a third party. This exposes the company to procurement frauds and collusion with suppliers. She can purchase assets for the company at prices that would enrich her personally.
C. Forming an audit opinion on the basis of ratio analysis of last year's comparative financial statements exposes the company to audit risks. While ratio analysis is part of the basis for forming audit opinions, it is surely not the first audit procedure to obtain audit evidence to support his audit opinion on the financial statements. An auditor is expected to obtain sufficient audit evidence and perform audit substantive tests of financial statement assertions. He or she is also expected to review the internal control system to ensure that it is operating effectively after establishing its existence and reviewing changes in internal controls.
Explanation:
Internal Controls are controls established by management in order to help it achieve business goals. There are many internal controls, including Separation of Duties, Access Controls
, Authorization and Approvals, Asset Audits, Reconciliations, and Data Backups. The purposes of internal controls are to establish the reliability of financial reporting, ensure timely feedback on the achievement of operational or strategic goals, and achieve compliance with financial management laws, and accounting regulations.
