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William Magear "boss" Tweed is a corrupt representative who defrauds millions of dollars from New Yorkers. He and his peers in the Democratic Party in New York exploit their power in the government for personal gain. As a civil reformer and a cartoonist, Thomas Nast portrays William Tweed as a vulture who preys on New Yorkers.
In an experiment, the process of random assignment ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being in either the control group or the experimental group.
Random assignment refers to the use of random methods in psychological experiments to equalize the chances of each participant being assigned to a particular group. Participants in the study will be divided into various groups at random, such as an experimental group or a treatment group.
Tossing a coin, picking a name out of a hat, rolling dice, or giving players random numbers are just a few examples of random assignment techniques. Remember that random assignment is distinct from random selection. Random assignment describes how those chosen participants are then assigned to experimental groups, whereas random selection describes how people are picked at random to represent the greater community.
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Answer: (A)
Dr. Pulaski is likely to find that approximately three-quarters (76 percent) of the subjects will conform to the group's judgment on at least one critical trial.
Explanation:
Solomon Asch conducted an experiment to find out to what extent people conform to group pressure.
He set up the experiment to include a single participant and seven confederates in a group. (A confederate is an accomplice of a researcher who is placed intentionally within an experiment by the researcher, so he can manipulate the experiment in his favor).
Each confederate was to give the same wrong answer to a certain question asked, while the participant was to provide his answer last.
Asch then observed if the single participant would tailor his answer according to the wrong answers provided by the confederates, or would provide the accurate answer.
Asch found out that from 12 trials conducted, "75% (three-quarters) of participants conformed to wrong answers provided at least once", while 25% did not conform at all.
He also discovered that on average of the trials carried out, one-third of the participants went along with the incorrect answer provided by the confederates.
Asch had also set up a control experiment with only a single participant and no confederates.
From the control experiment, he realized that less than 1% provided the wrong answer to the question asked.
