Deception often occurs when humans are in situations in which they face adversity or there is potential to improve their way of life. (this is my thesis for twelfth night. it's not amazing but it's refined and clear)
You'll want to leave it out. if it isn't conducive to the content of your paper, it's more like a distraction from what you're trying to say. parentheses might be a "safe" way to signify a side topic, but it weakens the paper as a general statement because the reader has to pause and take a moment to absorb a new topic before going back to what you were saying
The correct answer is A) effect. The verb is 'to affect', but the noun is 'effect'. You can affect someone by doing something, or you can have an effect on them.
The answer is C.
SPACEEEEE