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Electrons are negatively charged particles of an atom. All the electrons of an atom create a negative charge that balances the positive charge of the protons. The nucleus, which is the dense core of the atom, contains both protons and neutrons. Electrons, though, are outside of the nucleus.
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Most athletes' regular diets provide ample protein. Even if there is an increased need for protein in a particular sport, the increases are easily met by their typical diet. Intakes of additional protein beyond the recommended levels for athletes' does not increase strength or enhance performance.
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<h3>Incomplete dominance</h3>
In incomplete dominance, one allele is not entirely dominant over the other, so heterozygotes (organisms with two different alleles for the gene) show an intermediate or blended phenotype.
For example, consider flower colour.
- If the allele for red flowers (R) was dominant over the allele for white flowers (r), then there are three possible genotypes (RR, Rr, and rr) and two possible phenotypes. (Red (RR and Rr) and white (rr)).
- However, if the allele for red flowers (R) was incompletely dominant over the allele for white flowers (r), then there are three possible genotypes (RR, Rr, rr), and three possible phenotypes (red (RR), white (rr), and pink (Rr))
<h3>Co-dominance</h3>
In incomplete dominance, two alleles are both expressed, one is not dominant over the other. Therefore, heterozygotes (organisms with two different alleles for the gene) express both traits.
For example, consider flower patterns.
- If the allele for spots (F) was dominant over the allele for stripes (f), then there are three possible genotypes (FF, Ff, and ff) and two possible phenotypes. (Spots (Ff and ff) and stripes (ff)).
- However, if the allele for spots (F) was co-dominant to the allele for stripes (f), then there are three possible genotypes (FF, Ff, ff), and three possible phenotypes (spots (FF), stripes (ff), and spots and stripes (Ff))
<u>The resting </u><u>membrane</u><u> potential would become </u><u>more positive</u><u> because researchers are taking negatively charged molecules out of the cell.</u>
Which methods were used to record the resting membrane potential and action potential of the squid axon choose all that apply ?
- The squid axon's action potential and resting membrane potential were captured using the following experimental strategy.
- Using a recording microelectrode inside the cell that is connected to a second electrode outside the cell .
What is cell membrane ?
- All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.
A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. - The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane.
What are the functions of a cell membrane?
- The cell membrane, therefore, has two functions: first, to be a barrier keeping the constituents of the cell in and unwanted substances out .
- second, to be a gate allowing transport into the cell of essential nutrients and movement from the cell of waste products.
Learn more about cell membrane
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