Answer:
The Roman Catholic Church
Explanation:
Before Copernicus's Heliocentric Theory, The Catholic Church believed in Greek philosopher Aristotle's Geocentric Theory, where the Earth was the center of the universe. He believed- and I kid you not, that everything moving in the sky was propelled by the world-soul, or soul of the planet, and that their orbits were explained by huge, perfect, chrystalline spheres that contained the celestial bodies and surrounded Earth like a Russian nesting doll. The Catholic Church adopted this theory and sprinkled Jesus on top.
Copernicus (and after him, Galileo) contributed to the disproving of these literally ancient notions.
In Europe, late in the century, the Vikings, seafaring peoples from Scandinavia, begin raiding the coasts of Europe and the Mediterranean, and go on to found several important kingdoms.
In Asia, the Pala Empire is founded in Bengal. The Tang Dynasty reaches its pinnacle under Chinese Emperor Xuanzong. The Nara period begins in Japan.
Mid Latitudes IE:
Oregon
Nothern California
Wyoming
Colorado
Iowa
North Carolina
Ohio
Virginia
The Europeans had hid the Jews in safe houses and helped them get out of the country.
