Answer:
So it would be the first one, The variation in biological factors affecting a species.
Explanation:
Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species, it ranges widely from the number of species to differences within species and can be attributed to the span of survival for a species.
All forms of life on earth, whether microbes, plants, animals, or human beings, contain genes. Genetic diversity is the sum of genetic information contained in the genes of individual plants, animals, and micro-organisms. Each species is the storehouse of an immense amount of genetic information in the form of traits, characteristics, etc. The number of genes ranges from about 1000 in bacteria to more than 400 000 in many flowering plants. Each species consists of many organisms and virtually no two members of the same species are genetically identical.
An important conservation consequence of this is that even if an endangered species is saved from extinction it has probably lost some of its internal diversity. Consequently, when populations expand again, they become more genetically uniform than their ancestors. There are mathematical formulas to express a genetically effective population size that explain the genetic effects on populations that have gone through a bottleneck before expanding again such as the African cheetah or the North American bison. Subsequent inbreeding in small populations may result in:
a) reduced fertility and
b) increased susceptibility to disease.
Genetic differentiation within species occurs as a result of sexual reproduction, in which genetic differences between individuals are combined in their offspring to produce new combinations of genes or from mutations causing changes in the DNA. Genetic diversity is usually mentioned with reference to agriculture and maintaining food security. This is because genetic erosion of several crops has already occurred leading to the world's dependence for food on just a few species. Currently, a mere 100-odd species account for 90% of the supply of food crops, and three crops – rice, maize, and wheat – account for 69% of the calories and 56% of the proteins that people derive from plants.
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Answer:
c. is a biotic factor within an ecosystem
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum manufactures lipids and carbohydrates.
The Rough endoplasmic reticulum assists in the synthesis of proteins and send them to the Golgi bodies.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane structure that divides into flattened sacs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It has a variety of roles but is notably crucial for protein synthesis, folding, modification, and transport.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Its name comes from the rough texture of its outer (cytoplasmic) surface, which is caused by the presence of ribosomes there. Rough ER is located next to the cell nucleus, and the nuclear envelope's outer membrane is continuous with its membrane.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: It is distinct from ribosomes and has a different set of functions. The synthesis of lipids, including as cholesterol and phospholipids, which are needed to create new cellular membranes, is carried out by the smooth ER. Smooth ER is crucial for the synthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol in certain cell types.
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