In the first question the correct answer is "concerns" because works in the same literary movements often show the spirit of the time. In the second question the correct answer is "Transcedentalism", with representatives such as Thoreau, Emerson, Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman.
Answer:
In lines 97-98 there is a simile "the notch is just like the pipe of a great pair of bellows" the notch is like the instruments to increase the draft of a fire
Based on that passage, I'd say the young man is active because he's jogging, and friendly he smiled in encouragement to elderly men. Nothing in the passage indicates that he is either intelligent or snobbish.
