A group of hikers find a fallen tree in a forest. The dead tree trunk is covered by mushrooms and other fungus. Later, they find
a wild apple tree with many apples lying on the forest floor beneath the tree. The apples are all rotten and decayed by bacteria. Which statement BEST summarizes how these fungus and bacteria organisms are obtaining their food energy? A) The fungus and bacteria are both parasitic organisms that obtain food from other living organisms.
B) The fungus and bacteria are both obtaining their energy by manufacturing food from minerals and sunlight.
C) Both fungus and bacteria require well-fertilized soil in which to obtain nutrients needed for chemosynthesis.
D) The fungus and bacteria organisms are obtaining the energy they need by decomposing organic matter like dead trees and old apples.
Eliminate
Answer: D. The fungus and bacteria organisms are obtaining the energy they need by decomposing organic matter like dead trees and old apples.
Fungi is the primary decomposer of biological waste in forest ecosystem. Fungi grows on the branching network of hyphae which provide it more penetration potential towards the litter. Wood decaying fungi has enzymes required for decomposition of lignin, a chemical substance found in wood. Fungi decompose organic matter by releasing enzymes which breaks down the decaying matter, after that they absorb the nutrients in the decaying material. The left residue in the organic matter includes sugars and amino acids are degraded and decomposed by the bacteria.
The following are the two considerations demonstrating that there would be less biodiversity than the tropical areas in the Mediterranean climate as well as polar areas.
The first reason is all tropical areas experience drastic temperature variation.
The second reason is early in the earth's history, the northern latitudes are inhabited.
Hormone Signaling. The glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones directly into the extracellular environment. The hormones then diffuse to the bloodstream via capillaries and are transported to the target cells through the circulatory system.
