Christians especially during the Roman empire, were persecuted mainly
because they believed in one God who was the only true God and that
Jesus Christ is his son. They refused to worship or bow down to any
other god.
Romans and indeed many other communities at the time
strongly embraced the worship of many pagan gods and believed that piety
to these gods helped to sustain the well being of the cities and
people, a belief Christians did not share nor agree with.