Now it is clear that genes are what carry our traits through generations and that genes are made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). But genes themselves don't do the actual work. Rather, they serve as instruction books for making functional molecules such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins, which perform the chemical reactions in our bodies.Proteins do many other things, too. They provide the body's main building materials, forming the cell's architecture and structural components. But one thing proteins can't do is make copies of themselves. When a cell needs more proteins, it uses the manufacturing instructions coded in DNA.The DNA code of a gene—the sequence of its individual DNA building blocks, labeled A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine) and G (guanine) and collectively called nucleotides— spells out the exact order of a protein's building blocks, amino acids.
Occasionally, there is a kind of typographical error in a gene's DNA sequence. This mistake— which can be a change, gap or duplication—is called a mutation.
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The answers for 12 questions in attached pdf.
Answer:
We know that the color of jellyfish is controlled by codominance inheritance pattern and yellow Y and blue B are two alleles and in case of heterozygous the goober or green color occurs then,
If Yellow jellyfish is crossed with goober, that is, YY X YB.
the punnett square will be -
Y Y
Y YY YY
B YB YB
The possible genotype of offspring will be YY, and YB and therefore, the possible phenotype of offspring will be Yellow, and Green. The Percentage of yellow offspring will be 50% as two out of four are dominant for Y allele and two heterozygous conditions that is 50 % and as there are two copies B alleles are not present so zero percent of blue color.
