The land structure, being flat or with hills. Could provide a lack or increase of defense, hills being used as a shield. Bodies of water have been used to hide out, but also provide drink to soldiers, foggy weather can make it difficult to see the enemy.
Yes it is true that c<span>ross-cultural differences and nonverbal communication are possible sources of noise on senders and receivers. The language barrier can cause a misunderstanding on non-verbal communication between two parties. A simple gesture could mean differently to the other.</span>