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3 years ago

How do the thyroid and parathyroid from a feedback loop?

Biology

1 answer:

shtirl [24]3 years ago

6 0

Explanation:

When calcium levels in the blood become too low, parathyroid hormone leads to an increase in calcium by degrading bone. In response, calcitonin from the thyroid is released when the levels are high again, to decrease calcium levels in the blood.

Further Explanation:

During homeostasis the body maintains a constant internal balance in pH, temperature, blood pressure etc. Cells in a multicellular organism become specialized for particular tasks and communicate with one another in order to maintain homeostasis. Within the human body these are known as hormone cascades, where several complex steps occur- the tissues signal to one another with the use of hormones released by the endocrine system. The regulation (increase and decrease) of these secretions is achieved by negative feedback loops, where the release of certain substances during a cascade in turn halts the secretion of hormones at earlier stages.

In the body calcium homeostasis, which is generally defined as the maintenance of specific internal conditions, is mediated by the endocrine system through hormonal control. This regulates the calcium flux between the bloodstream and the bone; and the hormones responsible, change the ratio of osteoclast activity to osteoblast activity -osteoblasts build bone while osteoclasts breakdown or degrade bone.

Hormones responsible include calcitonin (from special parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland), calcitriol (activated vitamin D) and the parathyroid hormone (from the parathyroid glands). These affect the absorption of calcium from the gut, or kidney reabsorption; both parathyroid hormone and calcitriol act by causing the increase of calcium ions into the bloodstream as the bone is degraded by osteoclasts.

Learn more about tissue types at brainly.com/question/8487952

Learn more about homeostasis at brainly.com/question/1601808

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2 years ago

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Which of the following best explains the difference between micro and macro evolution? A. Microevolution is based on ideas, whil

gtnhenbr [62]

Answer: C. Microevolution is small scale change to the gene pool of a population while macroevolution is larger scale changes that lead to speciation.

Explanation:

Microevolution can be defined as a small change in the gene frequency within a gene pool of the species, these changes will be inherited by the organisms and there will not be any drastic change at the species level. But in case of macroevolution the large scale change occurs at the genetic level, which retain for long. This leads to development of new organisms or results in speciation.

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3 years ago

Green (G) is the dominant color for pods in pea plants. Yellow (g) is

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Answer:

No, it is not

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3 years ago

The bones from an animal found at an archaeological dig have a C614 activity of 0.10 Bq per gram of carbon. The half-life of C61

erastova [34]

C14 is an isotope used in radiocarbon dating techniques to date organic matter remains. The age of these bones is approximately 6890 years.

<h3>What is Carbon 14?</h3>

Carbon 14, also known as radiocarbon, is a radioactive carbon isotope.

Isotopes are the atoms of the same element -carbon- that vary in neutrons and, hence, in their massic number. They are alternative forms of the same element.

The radioactive C14 nucleus contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons and has a half-life of 5730 years.

The term half-life is a reference. It means that an organism that has been dead for 5730 years has half the C14 amount or concentration than the same organism had when it was alive.

Knowing the half-life of an element is useful to determine the age of the dead matter.

C14 is used in radiocarbon dating techniques or methods to estimate the age of fossils. This is a reliable technique used for dating organic samples that are less than 50,000 years old.

Available data:

The half-life of C14 is 5730 years
Bones activity of 0.10 Bq per gram of carbon

To answer this question we can make use of the following equation

Ln (C14T₁/C14 T₀) = - λ T₁

Where,

C14 T₀ ⇒ Amount of carbon in a living body. We know, by bibliography, that living organism activity is 0.23 Bq per gram of carbon. So, C14 T₀ = 0.23 Bq/g

C14T₁ ⇒ Amount of carbon in the dead body. C14T₁ = 0.1 Bq/g

λ ⇒ radioactive decay constant = (Ln2)/T₀,₅

T₀,₅ ⇒ The half-life of carbon 14 = 5730 years

T₀ = Time when the organism was alive

T₁ = Age of bones

Let us first calculate the radioactive decay constant.

λ = (Ln2)/T₀,₅

λ = 0.693/5730

λ = 0.0001209

Now, let us calculate the first term in the equation

Ln (C14T₁/C14 T₀) = Ln (0.1/0.23) = Ln 0.4347 = - 0.833

Finally, let us replace the terms, clear the equation, and calculate the value of T₁.

Ln (C14T₁/C14 T₀) = - λ T₁

- 0.833 = - 0.0001209 x T₁

T₁ = - 0.833 / - 0.0001209

T₁ = 6889.99 ≅ 6890 years

The bones are approximately 6890 years.

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