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yKpoI14uk [10]
3 years ago
11

How electrochemical gradients and proton gradients are formed and function in cells

Biology
1 answer:
sp2606 [1]3 years ago
8 0

To move substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, the cell must utilize energy in the form of ATP during active transport. Primary active transport, which is directly dependent on ATP, moves ions across a membrane and creates a difference in charge across that membrane.

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​in the stress response, _______ is to corticotrophin-releasing hormone as ______ is to adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
slamgirl [31]
Hypothalamus; pituitary gland

Hypothalamix-pituitary-adrenal axis is a  complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among the three organ components which are the hypothamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland. These organ and their interactions forms the HPA axis  that controls the reaction to stress and regulates many body processes,including digestion, immune system mood and emotions


7 0
3 years ago
Durning which process is ethanol produced
Tju [1.3M]

Answer:

Alcohol fermentation or ethanol fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration by which organism (such as yeast) convert sugar such as glucose, sucrose et cetera into ethanol and carbon dioxide in order to produce energy. First, glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate by the process of glycolysis.

5 0
3 years ago
Photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy. Which molecules are the end product of this transformation of energy in
leva [86]
Glucose and oxygen!!!

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8 0
3 years ago
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one duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids. in prophase of mitosis you see 18 duplicated chromosomes in a cell. this ce
Mice21 [21]

In the prophase of mitosis if 18 duplicated chromosomes are in a cell then the number of chromosomes in interphase is <u>9</u>.

A cell's growth and division are accompanied by a sequence of processes known as a cell cycle. A cell spends the majority of its time in what is known as interphase, where it develops, duplicates its chromosomes, and gets ready to divide. The cell then exits interphase, goes through mitosis, and finishes dividing.

A sister chromatid is one that has two identical copies of a chromosome that are connected by a common centromere during chromosome DNA replication. In other words, a sister chromatid can also be thought of as "one-half" of a chromosome that has been duplicated. A dyad is a pair of sister chromatids.

Sister chromatids, which are firmly connected at the centromere region of each chromosome, are created as a result of DNA replication during the S phase (synthesis phase). Each chromosome is a duplicate at this point and is made up of two sister chromatids.

To know more about Sister chromatids visit the link:

brainly.com/question/1574880?referrer=searchResults

#SPJ4

5 0
1 year ago
Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system?
prisoha [69]

Answer:

D

Explanation:

if not c a l

7 0
2 years ago
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