I believe protein is derived from the Greek word proteios
False, you do not need to provide documentation for a source you have not directly quoted. (I'm in high school so I'm just going off with what I know.)
Trivial details are details that have little to no relation to the evidence you are supporting. Supporting details back up you evidence strongly. Trivial details will often be used to keep the audience interested (ex: A fun fact about the moon.)
Hope this helps!