Answer:
Xylem,phloem and tissues from vascular systems produce stem
Xylem + phloem+ tissues from vascular systems = stem ( transport systems)
The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
The cell membrane is primarily composed of a mix of proteins and phospholipids
Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes. They a head and a tail. The head is hydrophilic (attracted to water) and the tail is hydrophobic (repelled by water).
They form a bilayer in which their hydrophilic heads face the aqueous cytosol and extracellular fluid while their hydrophobic tails face away from the cytosol and extracellular fluid.
The lipid bilayer is semi - permeable
The above mentioned process is called as <u>Anaerobic respiration
</u>
<u>Explanation:</u>
All organisms need oxygen to produce energy but in some prokaryotes and eukaryotes they lack the presence of oxygen in their environment. Hence they have adapted a strategy called anaerobic respiration to break down the inorganic molecules to produce energy.
They use carbon dioxide and release methane as the by product. The process of glycolosis helps. All types of fermentation happens anaerobically here. It helps down to break down the fuels and produce energy. This energy is utilized for their life function.
For this item, I would go with letter "D. physical destruction of marine habitats". Many of the modern ways of fishing poses an irreversible destruction to marine habitats. These practices include trawling, lining methods, purse seining, etc.
