The common ancestors of birds and mammals were very early (stem) reptiles, which almost certainly possessed 3-chambered hearts. Birds and mammals, however, are alike in having 4-chambered hearts. The 4 chambered hearts of birds and mammals are best described as homoplasies.
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What about homoplasies?</h3>
- It is more frequently a modified version of an inherited characteristic.
- For instance, the scales that were already present in its reptilian parent led to the evolution of feathers in birds.
- Similar to reptiles, mammals developed fur from their predecessors' scales.
- The same set of data can typically yield more than one potential cladogram.
- Different species of legged lizards developed into snakes and lizards with limbless bodies.
- Natural selection does not affect a sizable number of mutations.
- They came to the conclusion that reptiles, birds, and mammals all descended from the same ancient reptilian progenitor.
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Carbon Dioxide is the gas that contributes most to the greenhouse effect.
The number of new cases of a particular disease contracted within a defined population in a specified period is referred to as the incidence of the disease.
Population is defined as a group of similar type of organisms. This group of organisms live in the same area, they require same resources, have similar types of habits. The most essential criteria is that they can breed and reproduce among themselves.
Incidence of a disease is the data that provides information about the number of people affected by a disease at a given period of time. The likelihood of a person getting affected by the disease can be estimated using incidence.
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The reason why nost scientists thought that the first true cells formed on Earth were anaerobic is being shown in the second option :B. because there was no oxygen on early Earth. Paying attention to this fact scientists discovered that first cells were prokaryotes and greatest part of them created oxygen as a toxic by-product of their own metabolism which make them understand how the planet was provided with oxygen and made a conclusion that first cells were anaerobic.
The answer i believe is d.
hope this helps!!
