A person who holds a public office is called either a civil servant or a politician.
Explanation:
A civil servant is someone who works for the Home Civil Service – a politically neutral organisation that advises and supports the government in delivering policies and public services.
A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking office in government. ... Broadly speaking, a "politician" can be anyone who seeks to achieve political power in any bureaucratic institution.
