Question

Which Mongol khan led the first successful large-scale winter invasion of Russia in history?

Answer 1

The Mongol invasion of Russia — the invasion of the Mongol Empire on the territory of the Russian principalities in 1237-1240 years during the Western campaign of the Mongols (Kipchak campaign) 1236-1242, under the leadership of the chingisid Batu Khan and Subutai of the warlord.
So, answer : Batu Khan

Answer 2

See, the answer to this will be Batu:

:Batu (grandson of Genghis Khan) but operational control and effective command was by Subotai. 

Genghis Khan died in 1227. 
The full scale invasion of Russia took place in Winter 1237