Here's a picture of all the phases:
This process is called Cloning. Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical copy of an organism or a cell, which may occur naturally or created in the lab. Naturally it may occur through processes such as asexual reproduction in organisms such as bacteria; where offsprings that are genetically identical to the parent are created. In the above case, it is done artificially to generate identical plants using growth hormones.
I believe b. Let me know if it's wrong
The carbon containing molecules in the giant kelp come from carbondioxide, wastes and other carbon containing simple molecules
I think its movement of water across a membrabe
