Specific monoclonal antibodies are produced by hybridoma cells, which form when B lymphocytes and myeloma cells combine.
<h3>How are hybridoma cells produced and give rise to monoclonal antibodies?</h3>
Hybridoma or phage-display technology can be used to make monoclonal antibodies. In order to elicit an immunological response, a mouse is first immunized using a specific antigen in hybridoma technique. In hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) media, B cells from the spleen of the immunized mice are isolated and united with myeloma cells that have undergone immortalization. Myeloma cells are specifically chosen to be HAT-sensitive and non-antibody secreting. Hybridomas, the resulting fusion product, secrete antibodies and are immortal.
Unfused B cells also perish since they are not immortal and cannot survive in the HAT mixture with unfused myeloma cells. Then, these hybridomas are diluted into single cell wells and put through an antibody screening process. These cloned B cells generate particular monoclonal antibodies.
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❖ This is known as active transport. Active transport uses the cell's energy to move molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
(Note: Active transport is the only time that molecules move from high to low concentration)
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
Definition: The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
P700 is photosystem I. It includes chlorophyll a 670, 680, 695, 700, Chlorophyll b, carotenoids. The active reaction center of photosystem is p700, as it absorbs light of a wavelength longer than 680nm.
P680 or the photosystem II has the following pigments: chlorophyll b, 660, 670, 680, 695, 700, phycobilins, and xanthophylls. The active reaction center, in this case, is p680 of chlorophyll a, as it absorbs the light having a wavelength shorter than 680nm.
I truthfully have no clue just wanna finish doing the intro or blah blah if u want an actual answer say the question better so people can understand
