Although the pope remains the highest figure in the Roman Catholic Church, there could be an argument that Martin Luther, founder of Protestantism, was more powerful because he reshaped the entire landscape of Christianity.
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That statement is false
There is some religious that practive celibacy, there is some religious groups that believe in individual communion with God, but all of them tend to specify the role that men and women have in their life. This tend to contribute in equality since it prevent a certain people pursuing their goals in life.
Extrinsic motivation is the desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment.
Mesopotamia introduced a more sedentary way of life by means of agriculture and animal husbandry. So for example, instead of the nomadic way of life, which is/was going hunting, foraging, and/or fishing.
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