Answer:
Retained earnings refers to:
D. The net losses and dividends declared since its inception of a company's cumulative net profit.
Explanation:
Retained earnings are referred as :
- The overall earning the company have made till the present date.
- This earning excludes the dividend money and the money of the investors distributed.
- Whenever new records are made for the company this dividend money is readjusted.
- This leftover money has an impact on the account related to the expense and revenue.
- The retained earnings are built of the total income amount which has been given by a business after paying off the dividend to the shareholders.
So, here correct option is
D. The net losses and dividends declared since its inception of a company's cumulative net profit.
Answer:
Let Sanguine Wines Ltd. refer to a hypothetical company for the purpose. Following would constitute Sanguine Wines Ltd's variable costs:
- Raw Material or input prices: The raw material or inputs of sanguine wines limited purchases from suppliers such as dried grapes, sugar and the likes. The price of such inputs is prone to seasonal fluctuation and thus variable
- The performance related incentive for employees for number of bottles of wine created, would be variable cost as it would vary with the no of bottles produced.
- Discount allowed to distributors which varies based upon the number of bottles purchased by them.
- Commission paid to wine salesperson which varies with respect to bottles sold.
Answer:
The three primary sources of authority that tax professionals should check against the citator before relying on those sources for important matters are;
1. Revenue procedures
2. Revenue rulings
3. Judicial decisions
Explanation:
A citator can be defined as an index of legal resources that allows the researcher to find newer documents of the original document and thus the history of statues and cases can be reconstructed. This has been collectively termed as shepardizing. There are different kinds of citators depending on the type of case one is handling. In our case, we are dealing with tax professionals. Tax professionals deal with three primary sources of authority that tax professionals should check against the citator before relying on those sources for important matters. These primary sources are; revenue procedures, revenue rulings and judicial decisions. They are further elaborated below;
1. Revenue procedures
A revenue procedure is a set of guide that give direction on how to apply law, regulations and rulings. They majorly give direction on matters involving tax.
2. Revenue rulings
A revenue ruling is an order directly from the Internal Revenue Services (IRS) that has the full backing of the law and therefor enforceable. Such rulings on revenue, give direction on how the IRS understands the tax laws. Since the IRS is an authority constituted by top-level tax professionals, a revenue ruling can be used by other tax professionals to cite cases of similar nature.
3. Judicial decisions
Judicial decisions is a statement of advice written by a judge or a panel of judges that serves as a guide in solving a legal dispute. They involve a written legal opinion that tends to justify how and why they arrived to that conclusion to solve the dispute. The same thinking can be used by other professionals in other disputes of a similar nature to solve them.
Answer:
$176 million
Explanation:
The calculation of net cash inflows from financing activities is shown below:-
Net cash inflows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock $254 million
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated bonds $292 million
Less: Cash dividends paid on preferred stock (86) million
Less: Cash paid to retire note ($112) million
Less: Common shares acquired for treasury (172) million
Net cash inflows from financing activities $176 million
The positive sign represents the cash inflow and the negative sign represents the cash outflow
