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Mariulka [41]
3 years ago
5

How is it possible that over 20 million living organisms on the planet are made up of only 5 types of nucleotide based arranged

in long chains?
Biology
1 answer:
almond37 [142]3 years ago
3 0

Answer/Explanation:

The DNA in all living organisms is made up of 4 bases, adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine. The RNA replaces thymine with uracil, making 5 types of nucleotide. The number of nucleotide pairs in a genome can range from half a million up to 100,000 million - meaning there are an exponential number of combinations of these 4 bases.

Imagine an organism exists that has only 2 nucleotides (<u><em>this is over 200,000x smaller than even the smallest bacterial genome</em></u>). If we allow any nucleotide at each of the 2 positions, then we have 4x4 (4²) or 16 possible combinations of sequences. For a nucleotide length of 4, the total number of possible combinations are 4⁴ or 256.

Since we are dealing with many millions of nucleotides, there are essentially infinite combinations of nucleotides, giving rise to the variation that produces over 20 million organisms on the planet.

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Punnett squares are used to find out the possible genotypes of the next generation after a cross and thus find the phenotype too according to the predicted genotypes.

For example, parents with genotypes of Rr and rr cross together, we can use the punnett square to list out the possible genotypes of their children which are Rr and rr.

You can never predict the exact genotypes of the next child but you can find out the possibility if they carry a certain trait. All the genotypes of the child are in random but you at least know what phenotypes they'll have.
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3 years ago
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Answer: C) The event at the end of the Triassic Resulted in the extinction of fewer fauna’s then in any other period

Explanation:

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Option A is wrong as the event at the end of the Devonian decreased the number of Cambrian fauna.

Option B is wrong as the event at the end of the Cretaceous resulted in a decrease in the Paleozoic fauna.

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