Through electrochemical processes
Answer:
Crossing over is a biological occurrence that happens during meiosis when the paired homologs, or chromosomes of the same type, are lined up. Hope this helps :)
Explanation:
When neurons are not producing electrical signals we say that they are at resting phase: voltage across their membrane is called the resting membrane potential, or the resting potential.
This potential is determined by the concentration of ions (Na, K) across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion. While the ions move through channels down their gradients they lead to a separation of charge and that is what creates the resting potential.
The membrane of the neuron is much more permeable for K ions so the resting potential is close to the equilibrium potential of K+.
Phospholipids are made up of fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate.
If you're referring to the structure of a phospholipid, they are composed of a water-loving (hydrophilic) head and a water-fearing (hydrophobic) tail. The tail is made up of long chains of hydrogen and carbon molecules as well.
