I believe the correct answer is option C. Weathering produces the sediments that ultimately lead to soil formation. Soil formation is the result of a combination of five factors: parent material, climate, topography, biological factors, and time. Hope this answers the question.
A good index fossil is one with four characteristics: it is distinctive, widespread, abundant, and limited in geologic time. Because most fossil-bearing rocks formed in the ocean, the major index fossils are marine organisms
