Your answer would be the last one: Appeal to emotions by varying the tone and pitch of their voices.
The correct answer is 3. Internet Authority Association (IAA), because it is not a real style of citation. Others are existent and commonly used whereas IAA is not real.
The type of aid underlined in the sentence is Participle,
I believe The dream is a warning, but also Grendel is saying that he and Hrothgar are connected. Grendel thinks that religion is pointless/meaningless and that it just follows a bunch motions.
