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Aleksandr-060686 [28]
3 years ago
8

1. Explain why it can be useful for you and your doctors to know your family’s medical history, including information about pare

nts and grandparents. (5 points)
2. What are the possible effects of contaminated water on the health of an individual or community? Explain your answer in terms of what causes the contamination, the types of infectious agents involved in the related diseases, and how these diseases can spread. (5 points)

3. Describe two types of drugs and the negative impact the abuse of these drugs can have on a person’s health. (5 points)
Biology
1 answer:
notsponge [240]3 years ago
8 0

1. Knowing our family’s medical history can be useful for us and our doctors because it can help to check the possibility of occurrence of genetic disorders.  Genetic disorders are passed on through several generations. Diseases like hemophilia and color blindness are some examples.

2. Contaminated water can negatively affect the health of an individual as well as a community. Pathogens contained in contaminated water causes several diseases. Diseases like cholera and typhoid are examples of water-borne diseases.  

The bacterium that causes typhoid is Salmonella typhi and the pathogen that causes cholera is the bacterium Vibrio cholera. The consumption of water contaminated by the feces of a person infected with cholera cause the spreading of disease to a healthy person. Contaminated water and poor sanitation is the cause of typhoid spread as well.

3. Two types of drugs are stimulants and hallucinogens. Stimulants increase the alertness of the person who uses it and increases the heart rate, blood pumping rate and blood glucose levels. Cocaine is an example of stimulant drug.

Stimulant abuse can lead to anxiety, paranoia, depression etc. hallucinogens disconnect the link to the brain and users experience unstable and rapid emotions and have hallucinating visions.LSD is an example of hallucinogen. Hallucinogen abuse can cause cognition distortions, paranoia, anxiety etc.

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'“Negative control” is a treatment that by definition is expected not to have any effect (neither positive effect, nor negative effect). “Positive control” is treatment with a well-known chemical that is known to produce the expected effect with the assay that you are studying. Application of an antagonist is not a negative control in your case. “Negative control” is condition that should be treated with the same solutions or buffers as your “treatment” condition, with the only difference that instead of the chemical that you investigate you should add just the solvent that was used to dissolve you chemical in the respective final concentration that you have in the “experimental treatment” condition. For example if your chemical is dissolved in DMSO – than the correct negative control will be to add to the medium/buffer just DMSO in the same final concentration that you reach with your “treatment” condition. One of the reasons of using such negative control is to verify that the solvent is having no effect in your assay. Note that among all treatment conditions (“negative control”, “positive control”, “experimental treatment you are investigating”) the volumes and the composition of the treatments that you are doing should be uniform: always treat with the same volume of medium or buffer, always containing the same concentration of the used solvent (e.g., DMSO). The only difference should be the presence or absence of the defined compound-treatments (agonist, antagonist, the chemical for the experimental investigation etc.).'

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Atanasov, Atanas. (2013). Re: Positive control and negative control. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Positive_control_and_negative_control/515968f2d039b1fe50000025/citation/download.

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