Answer:
Immediately, the pathogen has been recognized:
Macrophages acts as the first line of defence by engulfing pathogens identified by antigens which will now present the antibody shape to a helper T cell.
The Helper T cells produce a signal to plasma and Memory B cells to yield antibodies that attach to the antigens. The cytotoxic cells that leads to cell death are activated by the helper T cells.
Antibodies helps to immobilize pathogen for macrophage to feed on.
if the pathogen comes back a 2nd time the memory cells helps in quick and efficient recovery by producing the specific B and T cells for the antigen.
We humans are affecting the global food supply because of climate change. As you know the world is super polluted and threat of climate change is the collapse of food systems: Other threats — flooding, storms, forest fires — may be more sudden and severe in certain regions, but disruptions in food supply will affect virtually everyone.
Answer:
a) All Walnut , Genotype - RrPp
b) Walnut : Rose: Single
1:1:2
Explanation:
Phenotype and their Genotype -
Walnut comb - R_ P_
Rose Comb - R_ pp
Pea Comb - rr P_
Single Comb - rr pp
a) RR PP * rr pp
All progenies will have genotype RrPp (Walnut Comb)
b) Rr Pp * rr pp
RrPp (4), Rrpp (4), rrpp (8)
Walnut : Rose: Single
1:1:2
Coordinates muscles controlling breathing ..
Hope it helps.
