Answer:
A. Advantageous alleles do not arise on demand.
Explanation:
According to theory of evolution, heritable traits in organisms can change across the generations leading to their evolution. There are many evolutionary forces like natural selection, mutation, genetic drift etc. However, it is incorrect to assume that the advantageous alleles will always be selected in evolution. Accumulation of random mutations, genetic drift or bottle neck effect are independent of this factor. Also, organisms with different degree of beneficial traits can coexist in same time frame. Just because humans evolved in a particular direction does not mean that other organisms will also do so.
P700 is photosystem I. It includes chlorophyll a 670, 680, 695, 700, Chlorophyll b, carotenoids. The active reaction center of photosystem is p700, as it absorbs light of a wavelength longer than 680nm.
P680 or the photosystem II has the following pigments: chlorophyll b, 660, 670, 680, 695, 700, phycobilins, and xanthophylls. The active reaction center, in this case, is p680 of chlorophyll a, as it absorbs the light having a wavelength shorter than 680nm.
Phenotypic ratio is 3:1 and Genotypic Ratio is 1:2:1.