One primitive trait of Ardipithecus ramidus is its opposable big toe
- The hominin species Ardipithecus ramidus has large grabbing toes that make it better adapted for walking than chimpanzees at climbing trees.
- An australopithecine species called Ardipithecus ramidus lived 4.4 million years ago in the Afar area of Early Pliocene Ethiopia (mya). Contrary to modern hominids,
- A. ramidus has adaptations for both life in the trees and walking on two legs (bipedality) (arboreality).
- The anatomy is quite simple. Upper canines are evolved from Australopithecus afarensis and have a diamond form as opposed to the pointed shape seen in African apes.
- It appears that lower canines have less developed characteristics.
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Electrophysiological studies of rats learning T-mazes have found a. different patterns of activation in the basal ganglia during early learning and later stable performance
Explanation:
- Forced alternation and left-right discrimination tasks using the T-maze have been widely used to assess working and reference memory, respectively, in rodents.
- Basal ganglia are strongly interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem, as well as several other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions, including control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion.
- The direct pathway, sometimes known as the direct pathway of movement, is a neural pathway within the central nervous system (CNS) through the basal ganglia which facilitates the initiation and execution of voluntary movement.
- Damage to the basal ganglia cells may cause problems controlling speech, movement, and posture. This combination of symptoms is called parkinsonism. A person with basal ganglia dysfunction may have difficulty starting, stopping, or sustaining movement.
Answer:
C. It combines hydrogen ions in sugar molecules to release energy and form water.
Explanation:
Lastly, the hydrogen ions flow through ATP synthase to make ATP.
In water molecule the electrons between the oxygen and the hydrogen are shared, but the sharing is not equal. Oxygen pulls electrons slightly towards itself. Therefore, the electrons are more near the oxygen, making that part of molecule(oxygen part) slightly negative. Since the electrons are not near the hydrogen so, that part of the molecule is slightly positive.
The answer is the G1 checkpoint
