It is formed at Divergent boundaries, two tectonic plates diverge from one another. New oceanic crust is being formed by hot molten rock slowly cooling and solidifying. The crust is very thin.
Answer:
Net Primary productivity
Explanation:
In an ecosystem, primary productivity is a term used for autotrophic organisms. It is the process by which these organisms like plants, green algae etc. make their own food using inorganic sources. However, they do not utilize all the matter they make from this process.
The NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY (NPP) is the amount of organic material that is available for transfer to the next trophic level after subtracting material used for respiration. This means that NPP is the amount available after removal of the one to be lost via respiration i.e. NPP = GPP - respiration.
The correct answer is A.
I hope I've helped!
Answer:
I think the question is "How might an RNA-based genome results display an increased in infection rate?" because current statement doesn't convey a message clearly.
Explanation:
To answer this question, we need to understand first that what is gene expression. Gene expression is a process in which genetic information is transcribed first to RNA and then into proteins. During transcription stage, only active genes would be transcribed to RNA and all other DNA material don't transcribe at all. Now, if there is an infection, host cell would express only those genes which would actively take part in the defense mechanism, e.g. R-genes, genes involved in production of reactive oxygen species, etc. Hence, to monitor the infection rate, we will look at the RNA-based genome. To do this, we will extract the total RNA and then would sequence it. Then we will annotate the genes and check the relative abundance (differential expression). Finally, we would have a clear that these genes were active against the infection. By doing temporal sampling and sequencing, we would be able to measure the rate as well.
For the second part, potential complications that could arise in doing analysis is the lower amount of RNA, or rapid degradation of RNA in case of presence of RNAses. RNA can be degraded easily at room temperature.
Some of the carbon atoms in the glucose exit the leaf as carbon dioxide during respiration while other carbon atoms are used to make important parts of the plant, such as additional leaves or wood. Carbon atoms that remain in leaves will either fall off (during plant senescence) or become a meal for an animal. Hope this helps
