Answer:
allopolyploidy
Explanation:
Polyploidy is the condition by which a cell might have more than two chromosome sets that form homologous pairs. It might occur due to a failure or abnormality in cell division.
Autopolyploidy
Refer to a type of polyploidy in which an organism has more than two copies of homologous chromosomes. It results from the duplication of a group of chromosomes of the same species. Autopolyploid individuals have <u>at least three groups of homologous chromosomes</u>. Autopolyploidy is produced by the<u> gamete fusion of the same progenitor - same species</u>-, duplicating the number of chromosomes of diploid species. The autopolyploid cell has groups of homologous chromosomes. Autopolyploidy is produced mainly due to non-disjunction during meiosis.
Allopolyploidy
Refer to another type of polyploidy in which species have more than three sets of chromosomes in their cells. Allopolyploidy <u>occurs when two different species mate</u>, leading to the fusion of gametes that belong to different species and produce a new hybrid. The chromosomic complement has more than two copies of chromosomes. The hybrid is infertile with the parental species. The allopolyploid cells have chromosome groups that are not homologous.
In the exposed example two different species mate and produce a hybrid species.
Answer:
Denaturing – when the double-stranded template DNA is heated to separate it into two single strands. Annealing – when the temperature is lowered to enable the DNA primers to attach to the template DNA. Extending – when the temperature is raised and the new strand of DNA is made by the Taq polymerase enzyme
Explanation:
<em>Your </em><em>well</em><em> </em><em>wisher</em><em> </em><em>:-)</em>
The role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis is to transports a proton down the gradient and uses the energy to complete the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis starts with the absorption of light or solar energy by the plant pigments called chlorophyll. The activated chlorophyll molecule helps in the electron transfer from one acceptor to another forming a chain.
The first phase of photosynthesis the light-dependent reaction in which the absorbed light is utilized to produce molecules carrying energy that is used in the second phase to form carbohydrates by reducing carbon dioxide. The first phase occurs in the grana region of the chloroplast and involves the transport of electrons through photosystem II (PS II) followed by photosystem I (PS I). The energy gained by the chlorophyll molecule is transferred to PS II in the form of electrons. These electrons are passed on further through a series of electron transporter or carrier from PS II to PS I. In photosystem I, finally, the electron is gained by NADP+ to form NADPH.
The ATP synthesis is produced by the use of proton motive force this reaction is catalyzed by ATP synthase. This a multiprotein synthase is also well-known as F0 F1 complex .The ATP molecule is synthesized when proton flow back from the inner membrane down the electrochemical proton gradient . ATP synthase has two components F1 ATPase and F0 which is embedded in the inner membrane and contain alpha, beta and C unit.
As the electrons travel along the electron transport chain, energy is released which helps in the pumping of protons (ions) into the lumen from the stroma through the thylakoid membrane. A proton gradient is developed which allows the movement of protons back to the stroma which in turn results in the formation of ATP through membrane-bound ATP synthase
The second phase of the photosynthesis is the dark reaction or the light-independent reaction happens in the stroma and utilizes the products formed during the light-dependent phase.
Learn more:
- Learn more about cell organelle <u>brainly.com/question/5923583
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Plant Cell
Keywords:
ATP synthase, light dependent reaction, thylakoid, stroma, grana, membrane, photosynthesis, alpha , beta, proton motive force.
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