Answer:
Explanation:
Between about 800 and 1200 AD, partly in response to the new currents of trade, Africans in the southern sahel developed a set of trading states with an elaborate organization.Well before 1500 AD, a number of states had come into existence, that had no connection at all with the trade across the Sahara.
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Answer:
The Gilded Age was a period in American history In which a chunk of its citizens were made wealthy . This gave rise to the people called the robber barons who became wealthy as a result of their monopoly on some sectors of the economy and became an integral part of society. Some examples of robber barons include John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and JP Morgan.
They were known to live a very lavish lifestyle due to their fortunes.
Answer:
It reduces strength.
Explanation:
It not desirable to produce concrete mixtures of a higher consistency than normal because the strength of the concrete decreases. Consistency plays an important role in the determination of strength of concrete. Less water than normal quantity in concrete increases the consistency but decreases strength due to incomplete chemical reaction while on the other hand, adding more water would increase water-cement ratio and reduces consistency as well as strength of the concrete so that's why necessary amount of water and cement should be added to get higher strength.
Although the documents mentioned in the question are not included, we can still explain the causes of the rise of nationalism during this period using other sources.
The idea of a "nation" is a modern creation. This idea is widely different to how people thought of themselves in premodern times. Prior to the development of nationalism, people thought of themselves as subjects or followers of a leader. They also identified themselves with their family or village, rather than a large community.
Nationalism only became possible after people began feeling a connection to those who shared their own language, culture and traditions, even when they had never met them before. Two important causes of this were the ideas of liberalism and the Romantic movement.
An important catalyst for this was the rise of liberalism. Liberal ideology encouraged the idea of representation of people in government. Therefore, people began to identify themselves with the government, and to think of themselves as a common people within a political unity. The permanence of people meant that the state did not equal the ruling dynasty. Instead, the king might change, but the nation prevailed.
Nationalism was also born out of Romanticism, which encouraged a romantic view of culture, traditions and common history. It also created a romantic view of land and nationhood. Because of this, there was an attempt to redraw borders to permanently match cultural and linguistic boundaries. Moreover, nationalism encouraged the idea of self-determination.
