The conditioned reinforcers known as tokens can be accumulated and traded for different reinforcers.
Any two suitable examples, such as a compliment, an invitation to dinner, the presence of a loved one, or a warm greeting are all suitable examples. These are all conditioned reinforcers since they are connected to stronger reinforcers. They cannot be accumulated and swapped for different backup reinforcers, hence they cannot be considered tokens.
What is backup reinforcer?
Backup reinforce is a reinforcer that serves as the foundation for a conditioned reinforcer. It is a reinforcer in a token system for which tokens can be traded in order to keep their reinforcing properties. For instance, poker chips can be converted into cash at the conclusion of a game of poker. The money serves as a secondary reinforcer in this situation. It is allowed to use any two relevant examples.
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Answer:The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles. In this way, it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules.
Explanation:
The question is incomplete as the image and options are not given, however, the correct image and options are as follows:
A. If liquid Material A is in contact with gaseous Material A and the volume of the gas increases, the gas’s temperature will increase.
B. If liquid Material A is in contact with gaseous Material A and the volume of the gas increases, the gas’s temperature will decrease.
C. When the temperature of gaseous Material A increases, its volume will increase.
D. When the temperature of liquid Material A increases, its volume will increase.
Answer:
The correct answer is - C. When the temperature of gaseous Material A increases, its volume will increase.
Explanation:
The figure and table related to the given question are attached with the answer that shows the volume change during the time period in relation to temperature and the phase of material also changes with an increase in temperature.
According to Figure 1, it is clear that initially, Material A was in the liquid phase and after a certain temperature, it is constant at a phase of a mix of liquid-gas and finally entirely in the gas phase from Time 22 sec to Time 24 sec. as temperature increased and the volume of Material A also increased according to the table 1.
So the hypothesis C is correct.
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