Answer:
ajax and apis
Explanation:
API stands for Application Programming Interface is a protocol in which client application (Web Technologies i.e. JQuery, Javascript) and server application (Back-end technologies i.e. Java, PHP, Node.js and Asp.net) communicates in order to fulfill some functionalities.
Server expose some specific URL to client on which server returns some specific formatted data or receives data from client to perform some specific needed task.
Ajax AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, which is used to submit or get data from server without refreshing browser.
Example
Let say for example we are creating a web page in which we want to receive all countries name and there code from server. Server exposes a URL pattern i.e. http://serverurl/getcountries (API). So on web page we need to create a ajax call in JQuery/ Javascript in order to fetch all countries data from server.