Glycolysis produces pyruvate as a product.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Because there 4squares and theres 1 recessive, recessive are represented with lowercase
Explanation:
During respiration, the breakdown of glucose undergoes several steps in order to produce ATP, namely in glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
overall: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
Further Explanation:
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
- The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
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An action potential involves potassium ions moving <u>outside </u>the cell and sodium ions moving <u>inside </u>the cell.
<h3>how does it action potential work?</h3>
Neurons have a negative concentration gradient most of the time, meaning there are more positively charged ions outside than inside the cell. This regular state of a negative concentration gradient is called resting membrane potential. During the resting membrane potential there are:
- more sodium ions
outside than inside the neuron
- more potassium ions
inside than outside the neuron
The concentration of ions isn’t static though! Ions are flowing in and out of the neuron constantly as the ions try to equalize their concentrations. The cell however maintains a fairly consistent negative concentration gradient (between -40 to -90 millivolts). How?
- The neuron cell membrane is super permeable to potassium ions, and so lots of potassium leaks out of the neuron through potassium leakage channels (holes in the cell wall).
- The neuron cell membrane is partially permeable to sodium ions, so sodium atoms slowly leak into the neuron through sodium leakage channels.
- The cell wants to maintain a negative resting membrane potential, so it has a pump that pumps potassium back into the cell and pumps sodium out of the cell at the same time.
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