One of the reasons why stock bought on margin is considered a risky investment is because "Investors purchased the stocks with little cash down," meaning that they had to borrow the remained of the money.
Lots of trade including spices, and new technology/weapons.
I’m not sure if that’s what you want but that’s the basics of what comes and goes from countries.
Depends on when this was. Back before the 60s when emancipation happened it would be b. The child would be a slave if it was black because of the “one drop” rule.