Answer:
The humble sunflower appears not quite of this earth. Its yellow crowned head sits atop its stalk like a green broomstick. Its seeds, arranged in a logarithmic spiral, are produced by tiny flowers called disc florets that emerge from the center of its head and radiate outward. But aside from being a biological marvel, the sunflower is also often in the scientific spotlight.
From understanding how new plant species emerge to studying “solar tracking,” which is how the flowers align themselves with the sun’s position in the sky, sunflowers are a darling in the field of science. However, researchers can only get so far in understanding a plant without detailed genetic knowledge. And after close to a decade, it has finally unfurled itself.An international consortium of 59 researchers who set their sights on the laborious task of sequencing and assembling the sunflower’s genome published their results in a 2017 study in Nature. This achievement will provide a genetic basis for understanding how the sunflower responds and adapts to different environments. “We are on the cusp of understanding sunflower adaptability,” says Loren Rieseberg, a leading sunflower expert at the University of British Columbia and a supervisor of this study.
With its genome assembled, scientists are hopeful for the next phase of the sunflower’s scientific career: as a “model crop” for studying climate adaptability in plants. This task is more complex and urgent now than ever. Climate change, according to a paper in the Annals of Botany, “will influence all aspects of plant biology over the coming decades,” posing a threat to crops and wild plants alike.
Answer:
12:3:1
Explanation:
<em>The typical F2 ratio in cases of dominant epistasis is 12:3:1.</em>
<u>The epistasis is a form of gene interaction in which an allele in one locus interacts with and modifies the effects of alleles in another locus</u>. There are different types of epistasis depending on the type of alleles that are interacting. These include:
- Dominant/simple epistasis: Here, a dominant allele on one locus suppresses the expression of both alleles on another locus irrespective of whether they are dominant or recessive. Instead of the Mendelian dihybrid F2 ratio of 9:3:3:1, what is obtained is 12:3:1. Examples of this type of gene interaction are found in seed coat color in barley, skin color in mice, etc.
- Other types of epistasis include <em>recessive epistasis (9:3:4), dominant inhibitory epistasis (13:3), duplicate recessive epistasis (9:7), duplicate dominant epistasis (15:1), and polymeric gene interaction (9:6:1).</em>
The statement that highlights and describes in detail the key features of an aquatic animal would be produce qualitative data analysis as we will describe its external features such as color size etc.
