The publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
<h3>What are cytokines?</h3>
Cytokines are molecules of the immune system that act during different types of immune responses, especially in inflammatory pathways.
Cytokines are mainly secreted by helper T immune cells (T cells) and macrophages.
In this case, the publication above mentioned uses different cytokine biomarkers to test inflammatory responses after orthodontic treatment (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, etc).
In conclusion, the publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
Learn more about cytokines here:
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Hello,
Here is your answer:
The proper answer to your question is option B "Vascular"! Vascular tissues are responsible for transporting water around the body!
Your answer is B.
If you need any ore help feel free to ask me!
Hope this helps!
Actually the answer is none of the answers
They are all transfer of heat in many ways
Density-Dependent Factors. Which is a limiting factor that depends on population size.
