A good Machiavellian leader has 5 specific traits:
1. being feared- in his time it was much better for a leader to be feared, because if the people feared you, they would be less inclined to revolt, as opposed to them loving you.
2. support of the people- you need the support of the people, because without the people supporting your decisions no actions can be made.
3. virtue-show good virtues in public, but do what has to be done to succeed in the privacy of your fortress, so basically lie to the people if necessary.
4. use your own arms- don't be dependent on mercenaries, because your own people are more likely to die for you
5. intelligence- without that you cannot hope to gain the support of your people
A restatement of the thesis.
The answer is C: most societies do not allow the level of freedom necessary to achieve enlightenment.
Kant argues in the brief but extremely important essay, <em>What is Enlightenment?, </em>that society, before the age of Enlightenment, which Kant precisely defines in this essay, has behaved like a minor in as much as a child cannot think for himself but rather is given the guidelines for his behavior. Kant then claims that it is time for society, and everyone in it, to become an adult and dare think for one´s self, imposing the guidelines for thought and action based on one´s own transcendental discovery of the limits of thought, what can be thought, and what that, in practical terms, entails for every individual´s freedom. This moment in society could not have been reached without the achievements gained through the Enlightenment that provide the necessary and qualified freedom that society as a whole lacked before it.
