First of all we have to find the slope
m = y₂-y₁ / x₂-x₁
m = -8 + 16 / -10 + 8
m = 8/-2
m = -4
y-y₁ = m (x-x₁)
y + 8 = -4 (x + 10)
y + 8 = -4x - 40
y = -4x -40 - 8
y = -4x -48
Function transformation involves changing the form of a function
The function g(x) is 
The function is given as:

g(x) is an exponential function that passes through points (-2,2) and (-1,4).
An exponential function is represented as:

At point (-2,2), we have:

At point (-1,4), we have:

Divide both equations

Simplify

Apply law of indices


Rewrite as:

Substitute 2 for b in 

This gives

Multiply both sides by 4

Substitute 8 for (a) and 2 for (b) in 

Express as a function

Hence, the function g(x) is 
Read more about exponential functions at:
brainly.com/question/11487261
C. For each hour he works, his earnings go up by $8.
The equation in the question is not the same as the one in the picture so here's the answers to both of them.
Q1 - 1/3 or 0.333333
Q2 - 1/108 or 0.009259