They have been looked down upon for decades and possibly centuries. It had become a sort of a social norm in a sense to view them that way, hence all of the public opinion has shaped how we think of them today.
Answer:
11. D. Jerusalem
12. A. Christians and Muslims
13. C. the Pope
Explanation:
11. D. This was followed later in the year by the Council of Vermonter, during which Pope Urban II supported the Byzantine request for military assistance and also urged faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
12. A. The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. In all, eight major Crusade expeditions occurred between 1096 and 1291. The bloody, violent and often ruthless conflicts propelled the status of European Christians, making them major players in the fight for land in the Middle East.
13. C. On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of “Deus vult!” or “God wills it!”
I think it's Ghana, Mali, and Benin. I'm not too sure about Benin so look it up. I hope my answer has come to your help. God bless and have a nice day ahead! Feel free to ask more questions here in Brainly.
Answer:
the russians practiced communism where as the west (usa,britain,france) were anti communist. the us were capitalists , thus is would make sense that the ussr and the usa would clash eventually despite their pasts of helping eachother out. once russia clashed with the west it gave way to the cold war
