1. False Dichotomy - b. Identifies only two choices, one of which is not viable
A false Dichotomy is when only two options are presented as the only options when there are other alternatives as well; or when two options are given and presented as if one option is viable and the other is not: "You can either choose this over this, not both".
"If you're not my friend, then you're my enemy"
The example gives two extreme options in which one is not viable when in reality, a person can refuse both options, and not be a friend nor an enemy.
2. Post Hoc - a. Incorrectly assumes that one event causes another
This fallacy assumes that when a second event happens after a first event, then the second event is the result of the first. It is a fallacy because the second event that happened could've been a mere causality. People who are very superstitious tend to do Post Hoc statements, for example they may assume that they didn't a pass a test because before taking it, they broke a window and that's just sign of bad luck, instead of thinking that they didn't pass it because of the lack of study, or the complexity of questions.
3. Popularity - c. Claims something is true because most people agree
This fallacy holds that something is true or correct to do, just because most people do it or believe so. An example: "If most of my classmates are pregnant now, it shouldn't be wrong if a get pregnant too."
